No other protist group showed as many different eyespot (= stigma) types as dinoflagellates. Moestrup and Daugbjerg (2007) distinguished five types, all of them situated in the sulcal area close to the flagellar roots. An eyespot similar to type A was described for an Amphidinium species, but it was located on the dorsal side of the cingulum (Tamura et al. 2009). Another dorsal eyespot can be observed in Margalefidinium polykrikoides (Iwataki et al. 2010 as Cochlodinium). Craveiro et al. (2010) described a further new type for Sphaerodinium. There are eight different types known up to now (Hoppenrath 2017).